Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications occur after 0. 4– 2. 9% of Cardiac surgery procedures. Although infrequent, GI complications constitute some of the most serious complications of Cardiac surgery with a high associated morbidity and mortality rate of 14– 63%. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of and the risk factors for GI complications following open=heart surgery. Methods: In this retrospective study, 800 adult patients who underwent valvular surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), combined procedures, aortic surgery, and the surgical correction of adult congenital heart defects in Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center between April 2014 and May 2016 were studied. The clinical data on any GI complication— including its incidence, characteristics, diagnostic measures, mortality, and medical or surgical management— were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using a non-paired Student t-test and the χ 2 test. Results: A total of 800 patients underwent open Cardiac surgery: 340 (42. 5%) had CABG, 290 (36. 3%) had valve surgery, 120 (15%) had combined procedures (valve surgery + CABG), 15 (1. 9%) had aortic surgery, and 35 (4. 3%) had congenital defect correction. Among these patients, GI complications were seen in 36 patients, with an incidence rate of 4. 5%. The total mortality rate was 11. 1%. Our results revealed that advanced age, a prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, prolonged mechanical ventilation, a history of peptic ulcer, and the use of inotropic support or intra-aortic balloon pumps were the risk factors for GI complications after Cardiac surgery. Conclusions: GI complications following Cardiac surgery have a low incidence rate but high morbidity and mortality rates. Primary detection and prompt appropriate intervention are essential for the outcome of the patients.

Background: Preoperative autologous blood donation is commonly used to reduce exposure to homologous blood transfusions among patients undergoing elective Cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autologous transfusion on patients' hematocryte value, intra and postoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, the development of infective complications and other factors. Materials and Methods: Between June 2001 to April 2002, 208 patients were, underwent Cardiac surgery in Cardiac surgery ward in Imam Khomeini Medical Center. One or more blood units donate from 104 Patients before cardiopulmonary bypass and heparin injection, and transfused to them after CPB and Protamin injection (autologous Group, group 1). 104 patients underwent Cardiac surgery routinely (control group, group 2). Results: Mean of age was 55.9±8.6 in group 1 and 56.6±9.3 in group 2 (P=NS). 73 male and 31 females were in group 1 and 79 males and 25 females were in group 2 (P=NS). Smoking, familial history, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, hypertension, stroke, and history of myocardial infarction was similar in two groups. Severity of angina, urgency operation, number vessels disease, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, duration of aortic cross clamp time, use of internal thoracic artery graft, and number of grafts was similar in both groups. Mean of bleeding post operation was 548 cc in group 1 and 803 cc in-group 2 (P=0.003). Bleeding that need to operation was 1.8% in group 1 and 8.6% in group 2 (P=0.002). Wound infection, mediastinitis, renal failure, ventilatory prolonged, stroke, need to Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP), intraoperative bleeding, and hospital stay was similar in both groups. Mean of extubationt time was 10.2 hours in group 1 and 14.8 hours in group 2(P=0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative and intra-operative donations are safe and continue to contribute uniquely to blood conservation, providing important options in comprehensive blood conservation programs in current pediatric open-heart surgery.

Abdominal complications after Cardiac surgery are associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Due to the absence of early specific clinical signs, diagnosis is often delayed. Identification of risk factors for prediction of abdominal complications in Cardiac surgical patients is the aim of this study.Within 7 months 600 adult patients undergoing open heart surgery with CPB in Tabriz Madani Heart Center were studied prospectively for abdominal complications. To determine predictive factors, all case histories and information of patients were analyzed.Abdominal complications occurred in 25 (4.1%) patients during postoperative ICU stay, one patient undergoing abdominal surgery. Early complications occurred most likely on postoperative days 4-6, consisting of bowel ischemia (ileus), abdominal pain, jaundice, GL bleeding, and pancreatitis. The death rate was 20% (5 patients). The relative risk for abdominal complications after Cardiac surgery was highly increased with EF<40% (p<0.05), prolonged mechanical ventilation (p<0.03), emergency surgery (p<0.05), need for IABP or vaspressors during or after surgery (p<0.05), need to re-exploration after surgery (p<0.05), and diabetes mellitus (p<0.03).A number of predictive factors have been described to contribute to the development of abdominal complications after Cardiac surgery. Knowledge of these factors may lead to earlier identification of patients at increased risk for more earlier interventions.

Basic life support (BLS) following by Advanced Cardiac life support (ACLS) is intended to rescue the patients with acute circulatory or respiratory failure or both. The most important determinant of short and long-term neurologically intact survival is the interval from the onset of the Cardiac or respiratory onset to restoration of effective spontaneous functions of these vital activities.It is commonly accepted that every physician, regardless of specialty, should be able to  perform CPR. It must be also emphasized that CPR, almost invariably, necessitates a rapid interventional follow-care with ACLS procedure.Without well-performed basic life support, advanced Cardiac life support is of no remark-: able benefit, BLS and ACLS are processes that must be performed step by step and with respect to the patient's condition.

Cardiac transplantation has become the standard therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy and end stage is clinical heart disease & heart failure. With the introduction of newer lmmunosuppressants, together with better patient selection, improved period er at I' ve monitoring and care, the overall survival of recipients has improved. An increasing number of patients who received a transplant present for either elective or emergency non_Cardiac surgery. We hereby discuss the period era give management of such a patient who came for emergency surgery for upper limb amputation.

Continuous monitoring of the cardiovascular system and control of the changes affecting it is a constant challenge for the surgical team. The need to control the condition of the heart and better understand its condition is raised in the topic of advanced hemodynamic monitoring, which is a set of different techniques for real-time monitoring of the cardiovascular condition and its influencing factors. Cardiac output, as the most important indicator of Cardiac function, is an integral part of Cardiac monitoring systems. The measurement of this index has witnessed extensive changes in the past few years, which clearly shows its importance. Cardiac surgery is one of the most serious cases that requires accurate assessment of Cardiac output and advanced hemodynamic monitoring. Therefore, the present study examines the types of Cardiac output in Cardiac surgery.